偏凸山羊草与硬粒小麦双二倍体杂种的形成及其遗传稳定性

Formation mechanism and genetical stability of Triticum durum and Aegilops ventricosa amphidiploid.

从偏凸山羊草与硬粒小麦杂种双单倍体Ｆ１（ＡＢＤＭＶ）的自交和自由授粉后代中，获得了一株由未减数配子融合而产生的双二倍体．其自交一代在形态和细胞学上都表现分离，单株间体细胞染色体数变动在４９～５５条之间，减数分裂时有较多的单价体和多价体存在；自交二代的植株形态和分离情况基本与自交一代相同，但群体中分离出了少量染色体数较少的植株，其形态明显不同于其它杂种单株而与普通小麦非常相近，减数分裂也接近正常，表明其后代中，能以较低频率分离出遗传上较为稳定的近似于六倍体普通小麦的类型．由此讨论了这种双二倍体的不稳定性在小麦育种理论研究上的意义．

The F 1 amphihaploid (ABDM V) was obtained by the cross between Triticum durum Desf. (AABB) and Aegilops ventricosa Tausch (DDM VM V)。 It was able to produce both unreduced eggs and sperms which combined to result in an amphidiploid plant (2 n =56, AABBDDMM) in F 2. The first self crossed progeny of the amphidiploid plant had the chromosome numbers from 49 to 55. In the second one, several special plants which had the chromosome number between 42 and 49 and resembled T. aestivum in appearance was produced. This result indicated that the hexaploid wheat could be produced spontaneously in the progeny of T. durum × Ae. ventricose and it is possible for Ae. ventricosa might have taken part in the process of origin of T. aestivum.