超空泡形态控制方法的数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation of Control Method of Supercavitation

利用数值模拟对射流、吸气和模型尾部结构三种新型超空泡形态控制方式进行了研究.研究表明,射流空化器与机械空化器产生的超空泡在尺度上基本相同,射流长度随气射流流速的增加而减小,随水射流流速的增加而增大,模型阻力不随射流长度的增大而单调较小.综合收缩锥、扩张裙、台阶和突缘等不同尾部结构对超空泡形态和模型阻力的影响,建议模型尾部采用台阶结构.当通气参数相同时,吸气孔越大,控制效果越好,吸气压力越小,控制效果越好.

Three novel control methods （ water jets, suction of fluid and aft model structure） of supercavitation shape are investigated by numerical simulation. The research indicates that the dimensions of supercavitation produced by jet cavitator and traditional cavitator are similar, jets length is decreased with the velocity of gas jets, and is increased with the velocity of water jets, model drag isn＇ t changed monotonously with the increasing of jets length. Step structure is suggested inside contractive wimble, outstretched skirt, step, nose edge and other aft model structures considering their effect on the shape of supercavitation and model drag. When the ventilated parameters are identical, the bigger is the suction orifice, the lower is suction pressure and the better is control effect.