利用醇提药渣提取黄芪多糖的工艺研究

Study on Technology of Extracting Astragalus Polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus Residue of Ethanol-extraction

[目的]确定从醇提药渣中提取黄芪多糖的最佳试验条件。[方法]采用水为提取溶剂,用搅拌回流方法提取黄芪经乙醇提取后所得药渣中的黄芪多糖(APS)。通过正交试验研究不同提取温度、固液比及提取时间对APS提取率的影响。[结果]结果表明,黄芪多糖提取的最佳条件为:温度100℃,固液比1∶16,提取2 h;利用单因素试验确定最佳提取次数为3次,乙醇沉淀APS的最佳浓度为70%。与直接从黄芪生药中提取多糖相比,从醇提药渣中提取得到的黄芪多糖粗提物得率有所降低(从24.58%下降到12.93%),但纯度却大大提高(从74.87%提高到93.27%)。[结论]该方法能综合利用黄芪中的有效成分,减少中药资源的浪费。

[Objective] The purpose was to determine the optimum conditions for extracting Astragalus polysaccharides（APS） from Astragalus membran-aceus residue of ethanolextration.[Method] The Astragalus polysaccharides（APS） were extracted from Astragalus membran aceus residue after ethanol extraction by the method of circumfluence using water as solvent.The effects of extracting temperature,time period and ratio of solid to liquid on APS yield were determined by orthogonal experiments.[Result]The experimental results indicated that the optimum conditions for APS extraction were temperature of 100 ℃,solid to liquid ratio of 1∶16,extraction time period of 2 h.Single-factor-experiment results showed that the best extracting time was 3 times and the most suitable ethanol concentration for APS precipitation was 70%.Compared with directly extracting APS from crude Astragalus membranaceus,the purity increased markedly（from 74.87% to 93.27%） when APS was extracted from Astragalus membranaceus residue of ethanol-extraction,although the yield was declined（from 24.58% to 12.93%）.[Conclusion]This technology will enable to active components in Astragalus membranaceus to be comprehensively utilized decrease waster of traditional Chinese medicine resources.