设施环境下人参最优施肥参数的研究

Study on Optimum Ginseng Fertilization Parameter in the Condition of Installation Cultivation

[目的]建立人参优化施肥数学模型,为人参科学合理施肥提供可靠依据。[方法]以设施栽培的人参为试验样品,以氮、磷、钾为试验因子,人参产量为试验指标,采用三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合设计方案,应用DPS数据处理系统建立了人参施肥效应回归模型。[结果]对产量反应曲线和边际产量曲线的分析表明,人参产量与施肥量呈正相关。氮、磷、钾的增产效应次序为氮、钾、磷。应用非线性规划方法对人参施肥效应回归模型求模型最优解,分析了氮、磷、钾的主因素效应和单因素效应。[结论]最高产量797.12 g/m2,最佳施肥量:尿素23.74 g/m2,过磷酸钙68.02 g/m2,硫酸钾41.27 g/m2。该模型拟合度好,预报性很高,实用价值大。

[Objective] The purpose was to establish the mathematical model of optimizing ginseng fertilization so as to provide credible basis for scientific and reasonable ginseng fertilization.[Method] The mathematical model were referenced when model storehouse were established on environmental regulate and control system in the condition of installation cultivation ginseng.With ginseng in the condition of installation cultivation as test sample,nitrogen（N）,phosphorous（P） and potassium（K） as test factors,ginseng yield as test index,the regression model of ginseng fertilization effect was established by three-factor and fivelevel quadratic orthogonal rotary experimental design and DPS data processing system.[Result] The analysis on yield response curve and marginal yield curve showed that the ginseng yield positively related to fertilization amount.The increase effect order of 3 factors of N,P and K was N,K and P.The main factor effect and single factor effect of N,P and K were analyzed by seeking the optimal solution to the regression model of ginseng fertilization effect by nonlinear programming method,from which the highest yield obtained as 797.12 g/m^2.[Conclusion] The optimum fertilization amounts were as follows： urea 23.74 g/m^2,superphosphate 68.02 g/m^2 and potassium sulfate 41.27 g/m^2.The model had extremely good fitting degree,very high predictability and greater practical value.