邯郸市城区雨水径流水质及其主要影响因素研究

Study on Water Quality of Rainwater Runoff in the Urban Area of Handan City and Its Major Influencing Factors

[目的]为有效利用城市雨水、控制非点污染提供依据。[方法]采用体积法观测了邯郸市内主要干道和屋面降雨,分时段取样,分析了样品COD、SS、Pb、Zn、TN、TP、石油类、酚、氯的含量。[结果]油毡屋面初期径流COD最高为2 458 mg/L,在降雨后期维持在100 mg/L左右。道路初期径流COD和SS最大值分别为1 080和3 155 mg/L。油毡屋面明显较瓦屋面污染严重,在整个降雨过程中,COD值始终超标(300 mg/L),随季节气温变化明显。短时强降雨的冲刷强度大,初期径流COD、SS值高,稳定速度快;降雨强度较小,初期径流COD、SS值小,稳定速度慢。[结论]城区雨水初期径流水质污染严重。屋面材料、道路污染状况、气温、降雨量、降雨强度、降雨间隔时间等是主要的影响因素。

[Objective] The aim was to provide the base for the effective utilization of rain water in city and the control of the nonpoint pollution.[Method] The rain waters at the main roads and roof in Handan were observed by the volume method.The examples in different period were taken to analyze the contents of COD,SS,Pb,Zn,TN,TP,petroleum,phenol and hlorine.[Result] The highest COD value of runoff in asphalt felt roof in primary stage was 2 458 mg/L and could maintain about 100 mg/L in the later stage of rainfall.The biggest COD and SS value of road runoff at the primary stage was 1 080 mg/L and 3 155 mg/L resp.The pollution of asphalt felt roof was more serious than that of tile roof,its COD value was always over standard（300 mg/L） and changed obviously with the temperature in different seasons.The rainfall intensity of short-time heavy rainfall was bigger,the COD and SS value in the primary stage was higher and the stable speed was rapid.When the rainfall intensity was less,the COD and SS value at the primary stage was small and the stable speed was slow.[Conclusion] The water quality of rainoff in urban area was polluted seriously in the primary stage.The roof material,road pollution condition,temperature,rainfall,rainfall intensity and the time interval of rainfall etc.were the main influencing factors.