通过组织培养获得棉花不育株

Sterile Variants of Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L. ) Obtained from Tissue Culture

棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)体细胞培养获得的再生植株中存在很大变异。其中育性变异表现最突出。在1990～1991年培养再生的植株中发现9个不育株。其中1株雌雄全不育,形态上表现高大紧凑,花器小,畸形,柱头四裂。电镜观察表明其花粉粒空瘪,内容物少。另2株为雄性不育。电镜观察发现其花粉粒外壁发育不良。用鄂荆1号做父本与其杂交,F_1代植株均不育,鄂荆1号回交BC_1不育株与可育株呈1:1分离,表明其不育特性可能受1个显性核基因控制,其它6个不育株为生理不育,在越冬后第二年陆续恢复育性。

Great variation was observed among the regenerated plants from somatic cell culture of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ). But the most remarkable variation was the sterile mutation. Nine sterile plants were discovered among the plants regenerated during 1990~1991, among which 3 were confirmed to be stable in sterility after 4 years of observation. Out of the 3 plants,one plant had both male and female sterile gametes. It was looked morphologically big and compact with small deformed flowers and tetraparted pistils. Electronic microscopy showed that its pollen grains were empty and flat with less content. The other two were male sterile plants. Electronic microscopy demonstrated that the outer layer of its pollen wall was poorly developed. F1 progenies between the male sterile plants and the Ejin-1 showed male sterile phenotype. When the progenies of F1 were backcrossed with Ejin-1, the ratio of the sterile to the fertile off springs was 1 : 1, which indicated that the male sterility was probably controlled by a single dominant gene. The other sterile plants were physiologically sterile, their fertility was recovered the next year.