辽宁地区影响玉米早衰的栽培因子研究

Research on Cultivation Factors Effecting Maize Premature Senescence in Liaoning Areas

通过小区试验和田间调查,对与玉米早衰相关的栽培因子进行研究。结果表明:播种过早是造成辽宁玉米早衰的主要因子。试验的10个品种,早播比适时晚播的茎腐病发病率平均高出3.91倍,最高达23.3倍;长期施用农家肥、前期生长旺盛的地块有发病率升高的现象,发病率呈数倍或数十倍增加;不同地区之间发病率有明显差异,辽宁北部最重,丹东和沈阳地区较轻;氮肥的分次施用与一次性施肥之间,施肥量(化肥)高、低处理之间未显示明显差异;种植密度与发病率之间无明显的相关关系;红蜘蛛的严重危害可造成玉米早衰。

According to plot experiment and production investigation,it was carried on researches on cultivation factors effecting maize premature senescence in Liaoning areas. The results indicated that sowing too earlier was the main factor causing maize premature senescence in Liaoning areas. Bacterial wilt incidence of sowing earlier increased 3.91 times than that of sowing at the right moment or later among the ten varieties, some even increased 23.3 times. The incidence of bacterial wilt in the land of applying long-term farm manure and growing exuberantly in earlier stage had increasing tendency and increased several or even more times. The incidence of bacterial wilt in different areas had obvious differences. The north of Liaoning province was the most serious area. Dandong and Shenyang areas were relatively less serious. The nitrogenous fertilizer applied at different times or at one stage and the fertilization quantity in high and low levels also did not show significant differences. The plant population and incidence of bacterial wilt had no obvious relevance. The harm of spider mite caused maize premature senescence.