哈贝马斯的“公共领域”理论及其特点

Habermas' Theory of "Public Sphere" and Its Characteristics

哈贝马斯的"公共领域"有三个构成要素,即公众、"公共意见"或"公众舆论"、公众媒介和公共场所;有四种类型,即代表型公共领域、资产阶级公共领域(公共领域的自由主义模式)、平民公共领域以及公共领域的福利国家大众民主模式。公共领域既是17-18世纪欧洲历史发展中的历史实在,更是一种理想模式,是哈贝马斯用于进行社会批判的工具。

Jurgen Habermas＇ ＂public sphere＂ consists three key dements, i.e., the public, public opinion, andpublic media and the public place. There are four types of public spheres： representative public sphere, bourgeois public sphere （liberal mode of public sphere）, plebeian public sphere, and the mass-democratic social-welfare sphere. Public spbere was not only the tangible history throughout the development of Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, but also an ideal mode. It is a tool that Habermas used in his social criticism.