7种委陵菜属植物叶表皮微形态的研究

The leaf epidermal micro-morphology of the seven species of Potentilla

利用光学显微镜对沈阳地区7种委陵菜属Potentilla植物的叶表皮微形态进行研究,结果表明:7种委陵菜上、下叶表皮细胞垂周壁上均有不同程度的波浪状增厚,使表皮细胞间的结合更加紧密,增强了叶的抗逆性和机械支撑能力,根据表皮细胞形状可将叶表皮微形态分为3种类型:1)多边形:蔓委陵菜P.fla-gella、莓叶委陵菜P.fragarioides、翻白委陵菜P.discolor、伏委陵菜P.paradoxa和三叶委陵菜P.freyn-iana的上表皮;2)近多边形:羽叶委陵菜P.multicaulis、蛇含委陵菜P.kalinin的上表皮和莓叶委陵菜、伏委陵菜的下表皮;3)不规则形:蔓委陵菜、翻白委陵菜、羽叶委陵菜、蛇含委陵菜和三叶委陵菜的下表皮。7种委陵菜气孔器分布特点:莓叶委陵菜、翻白委陵菜、伏委陵菜和三叶委陵菜的上表皮无气孔器分布;蔓委陵菜上表皮的气孔器零星分布;羽叶委陵菜、蛇含委陵菜的上表皮和蔓委陵菜、羽叶委陵菜、蛇含委陵菜、莓叶委陵菜、翻白委陵菜、伏委陵菜和三叶委陵菜的下表皮均有气孔器分布。在7种委陵菜的下表皮中莓叶委陵菜、羽叶委陵菜和翻白委陵菜的气孔指数相对较大,蔓委陵菜、伏委陵菜、蛇含委陵菜和三叶委陵菜气孔指数相对较小,蔓委陵菜、羽叶委陵菜和蛇含委陵菜的上表皮气孔指数明显小于其下表皮。通过对7种委陵菜气孔指数的比较研究表明,蔓委陵菜、伏委陵菜、蛇含委陵菜和三叶委陵菜具有很强的抗旱能力。

The epidermal micro-morphology characters of the seven species of Potentilla from Liaoning were examined with the light microscope（LM）. The results showed that the cells of both surfaces had sinuate thick anticlinal walls, the combination of epidermal cells were more closely to enhance the resistance and mechanical support ability. The leaf epidermal micro-morphology of the seven species of Potentilla could be divided into three types by the epidermal cell shape： 1） Polygon： The shape of the upper epidermal cells of P. flagellaris, P. fragarioides, P. discolor and P. paradoxa, P. freyniana were polygonal. 2） Nearly polygon： The shape of the upper epidermal cells of P. multicaulis, P. kleiniana and the lower epidermal cells of P. paradoxa were nearly polygonal. 3） Irregular. The shape of the lower epidermal cells of P. flagellaris, P. fragarioides, P. discolor, P. multicaulis and P. kleiniana were irregular. There was no stomata on the upper epidermal cells of P. fragarioides, P. discolor, P. paradoxa, P. freynian. There were rarely fewer stomata on the upper epidermal cells of P. flagella. There were stomatas on the upper epidermal cells of P. multicaulis and P. kalinin, and the lower epidermal cells of P. flagella, P. multicaulis, P. Kalinin, P. fragarioides, P. discolor,P. freyniana, P. paradoxa. The stomata index of the lower epidermal cells of P. fragarioides, P. multicaulis and P. discolor were obviously larger than the lower epidermal cells of P. flagellaris,P. paradoxa,P, freyniana and P. kleiniana. The stomata index of P. flagella, P. multicaulis and P. kleiniana on the upper epidermis was smaller than on the lower. The stomata index study showed that P. flagella, P. paradoxa, P. kalinin, P. freyniana had strong drought resistance.