油茶杀精子和抗生育作用的实验研究

Experimental research of the extracts from Camellia oleifera Abel.on spermicidal effect and antifertility function

目的:研究油茶果皮60%丙酮提取物、醇提物、多元酚富集物和油茶皂素的体外杀精子活性,评价它们的抗生育作用。方法:采用改良Smandex-Cramer法,测定不同药物稀释液对兔精子3min内100%杀精的最低杀精浓度。采用兔阴道给药后受孕实验,观察药物的抗生育作用。结果:油茶果皮60%丙酮提取物、醇提物、多元酚富集物和油茶皂素体外对兔呈现出较优的剂量依赖性体外杀精活性,3min时的最低杀精浓度依次为5、5、5、0.078mg/mL,油茶皂素与阳性药壬苯醇醚作用相当。杀精活性强弱顺序为油茶皂素>油茶果皮多元酚富集物>60%丙酮提取物>醇提物。60%丙酮提取物、醇提物、多元酚富集物5mg/mL、1.25mg/mL和油茶皂素0.078mg/mL、0.039mg/mL给药后交配,5min内阴道内均未发现有活动精子,避孕率均为100%。结论:油茶提取物具有较强的体外杀精子活性和体内抗生育功能。

AIM： To study the spermicidal effect in vitro and the antifertility in vivo of 60% acetone extraction, ethanol extraction, polyhydric phenol section and sasanqua saponin from the pericarp of Camellia oleifera Abel. METHODS： The minimum spermicidal concentration of the drug in different concentration was assessed by im- provable Smandex-Cramer in 3 min on rabbit sperm. The antifertility function was observed from rabbit＇s spermatic movement by vaginal administration. RESULTS： The spermicidal effect in vitro on rabbit of 60% acetone extraction, ethanol extraction, polyhydric phenol section and the sasanqua saponin showed excellent positive dose-relation ship. The minimum spermicidal concentrations were 5 mg/mL of 60% acetone extraction, 5 mg/mL of ethanol extraction ,5 mg/mL of polyhydric phenol section and 0. 078 mg/mL of sasanqua saponin respectively. Nonoxynol was used as positive control. The results of spermicide research in vivo showed that there were no mobile sperms in the vagina of rabbit within 5 minutes after copulation when 60% acetone extraction （5 mg/mL）, ethanol extraction （ 1. 25 mg/mL）, polyhydric phenol section （0.078 mg/mL） and sasanqua saponin （0. 039 mg/mL） had been admin- istrated. The contraception rate was 100%. CONCLUSION： The extracts of Camellia oleifera Abel. show the obvious spermicidal effect in vitro and antifertility function in vivo and may be developed as spermicide or contraceptive vaginal drug in future.