清末书院改制与学堂兴起述论

Commentary on the Reform of the Academy of Classical Learning and School Rising in Late Qing Dynasty

书院改制及学堂的兴起是中国近代教育史上的一次重要改革。社会变革是书院改制,学堂兴起的根本动因;清末书院自身积弊太深不适应时代发展的要求是其改制的内在依据。书院改制的两次高潮是19世纪末的戊戌书院改制和20世纪初的新政书院改制。书院改制对当前高等教育的改革与发展提供颇多借鉴。

The reformation of academy of classical learning and the rise of school in the history of modern China is an important reform, which laid the foundation for China＇s modern higher education. Social change is the fundamental cause for the reformation of academy of classical learning and the rise of school; the internal basis of academy of classical learning reform is it can not meet the requirements of the development that has too many own defects in late Qing era. The two climaxes of the reformation of academy of classical learning are the reformations of WUXU academy of classical learning in late 19th century and XINZHENG academy of classical learning in the early 20th century. The reform of of academy of classical learning can provide a lot of reference to current higher education reform and development.