扎龙湿地缺水人为原因探讨及对策

Discussion on the Artificial Cause and Countermeasures of the Water Shortage in Zhalong Wetland

扎龙湿地是我国最大的以鹤类为主的湿地生态类型国家级保护区。近几年来随着经济的发展和人类活动的影响,导致扎龙湿地水面急剧减少、部分沼泽干涸、植被退化缺水严重等一系列问题,缺水已成为扎龙湿地面临的致命危机。通过对扎龙湿地耕地和草甸土壤含水量的试验对比分析,发现耕地土壤含水量普遍低于草甸土壤含水量,原因在于根系吸水。指出农业活动对湿地缺水有一定影响,并提出了相关对策。

Zhalong Wetland was the largest national conservation area in China, in which cranes lived mainly. In recent years, the economic development and effects of human activities, which resulted in wetland area rapid shrinkage, some marshes drying up, vegetation degradation, and serious water shortage. Under such condition, Zhalong wetland was facing a fatal crisis due to water shortage. Based on the compared analysis of the soil water content of cultivated land and meadow in Zhalong wetland, it suggested that the soil water content of cultivated land was lower than that of meadow, and the reason lied in root water uptake. The agricultural activities had some influence on the water shortage in wetland. Some countermeasures were put forward.