板栗树冠节肢动物群落的结构组成研究及优势物种分析

Research on Structure and Dominant Species of Chestnut Canopy Arthropod Community

运用群落生态学的原理和方法,通过田间系统调查,结合室内实验,对板栗园节肢动物群落的结构组成进行了研究.以系统调查、随机调查并结合室内饲养的方法共获得板栗园节肢动物136种,隶属于12个目、63个科,其中害虫70种、天敌62种、中性昆虫4种,分别占物种总数的51.47%,45.59%和2.94%.天敌中捕食性天敌47种,寄生性天敌15种,分别占天敌物种数的75.81%和24.19%.害虫物种数略多于天敌物种数;天敌中捕食性天敌物种数明显多于寄生性天敌物种数.将板栗树冠节肢动物群落划分为3个营养层、4个功能团和11个类群,相对多度分析结果表明植食性营养层在物种数和个体数上均占绝对优势,以刺吸性功能团为主,其中又以蚜虫类群数量最多.板栗储藏期害虫以钻蛀性害虫桃蛀螟为主.

By field systematic investigation and, indoor trials, the characters of Chinese chestnut Canopy Arthropod Community structure was investigated using the knowledge and theory of community ecology. The research contents and results were listed as follows： Total 136 species of arthropods were observed, which belong to 12 Orders, 63 Families. Among these species, there were 70 species of insect pests, 62 species of natural enemies and 4 species of neutral insects, which account for 55.15%, 41.39%, and 2.94%, respectively. Among 62 species of natural enemies, there were 15 species of parasitoids and 42 species of predatory arthropods, which account for 75.81% and 24.19%, respectively. The community could be divided into 3 nutrient classes, 4 guilds and 11 groups. Herbivorous nutrient class was the most dominant in species and individual numbers. During fruit storage, the relative abundance of Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenee was the greatest.