略谈中国的书院文化

On the Academy Culture in Ancient China

通过追溯中国书院文化的起源与流变,揭示书院在中国的文化教育和学术史上的重要地位。孔子开创了私人办学之风。书院开始于唐代,其功能一是为科举考试做准备,二是作读书休闲之用。宋代书院伴随着理学的产生而兴盛,南宋朱熹所到之处,则以创建兴复书院为首务,他以白鹿洞书院所写的"揭示"即学规,对后世产生了深远的影响。书院的首要功能是教育(以儒学经典为文本的人文教育),其次,书院也是发展学术思想、开展学术交流、进行学术创造的重要园地,以及维系社会舆论的场所。书院制度还随着理学向东亚国家的传播而播迁到韩国和日本。

By tracing back the origins and changes of China＇s ancient academy culture, the important position of ancient academy in culture education and academic history in ancient China is revealed. Confucius initiated a new era of private education. The ancient academy began from Tang Dynasty with the function of preparing for imperial examination and having leisure through reading. With the production of Neo-Confucianism,the academy in the Song Dynasty came to be prosperous. Zhuxi built and rebuilt the academy wherever he was,and exerts a profound influence on later generations due to making the rule of White Deer Cave Academy. The ancient academy has two main functions, the primary function is humanistic education on Confucian classics, the second is an important place for developing academic thought, conducting academic communication and creation and holding together public opinion. With the propagation of Neo-Confucianism to East Asian Countries, the ancient academy system is transplanted to Japan and Korea.