大洋环流模式的温盐表面边界条件处理及其影响研究评述

A Review of the Surface Boundary Conditions for Temperature and Salinity of Oceanic General Circulation Models

对常用的大洋环流模式温度和盐度的表面边界条件处理方案进行了总结,在此基础上,讨论了不同处理方案对大洋环流变化模拟结果的影响,指出了不同边界条件各自的适用范围。较为典型的温度边界条件包括Haney型边界条件、Rahmstorf等恢复型边界条件、Schopf零热容量条件以及通量条件;盐度边界条件主要包括恢复型边界条件、通量型边界条件以及自然边界条件。边界处理方案之不同,不仅影响到模式气候态和年际变率的模拟,还影响到一些典型大洋环流变化现象的模拟结果,如极地盐跃层突变现象、海洋层结强烈翻转的冲刷现象、热盐环流的多平衡态现象以及淡水冲击对热盐环流的影响等问题。

A review is presented of the surface boundary conditions for temperature and salinity of Oceanic General Circulation Models. Responses of oceanic general circulations to different surface boundary conditions are also discussed. Both the strength and weakness of different surface boundary conditions are documented. The most popularly used surface boundary conditions for temperature include Haney （1971） restoring condition, Rahmstorf and Willebrans （1995） restoring condition, Schopf （1983）zero heat capacity condition and flux condition; The widely used surface boundary conditions for salinity include the Haney-type restoring condition, flux condition, and natural condition. The impacts of different surface boundary conditions on the climate mean states and long-term changes of oceanic circulations are discussed. Emphases have been put on the polar halocline catastrophe, flush phenomena, and multi-equilibrium of thermohaline circulation as well as the sensitivity of thermohaline circulation to freshwater forcing.