降水变化和种间竞争对红松和蒙古栎幼苗生长的影响

Effects of precipitation and interspecific competition on Quercus mongolica and Pinus koraiensis seedlings growth

针对全球变暖导致的降水格局的变化,选择长白山红松针阔叶混交林主要树种蒙古栎和红松幼苗为研究对象,在野外自然条件下人工模拟增、减水30%对单种和混种的针阔叶树种形态、生长和生物量分配的影响.结果表明:对于蒙古栎幼苗,与单种处理相比,混种显著增加了其冠幅和主根长,与对照处理相比,减水处理显著提高了其茎质比、降低了其主根长;对于红松幼苗,与单种处理相比,混种显著减少了其基径、树高、叶片数和根、茎、叶质量及总干质量,与对照处理相比,减水处理显著降低了其主根长、叶片数、叶质量和总干质量以及叶质比,同时显著提高了茎质比.增水处理对二者的影响均不显著.在树木生长初期,种间竞争和降水格局变化对蒙古栎和红松幼苗形态和生长均产生显著影响,对红松幼苗的影响更大.

Aiming at the variation of precipitation pattern caused by global warming, a field simula- tion experiment was conducted to study the effects of 30% increase （ ＋ W） and decrease （-W） of precipitation on the morphology, growth, and biomass partitioning of mono- and mixed cultured seedlings of Quercus mongolica and Pinus koraiensis, the two dominant tree species in temperate broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountains. Comparing with monocuhure, mixed culture increased the canopy width and main root length of Q. mongolica seedlings, but decreased the basal diameter, plant height, leaf number, and dry masses of root, stem, leaf and whole plant of P. koraiensis seedlings significantly. Treatment （-W） increased the stem/mass ratio while de- creased the main root length of Q. mongolica seedlings, and decreased the main root length, leaf number, dry masses of leaf and whole plant, and leaf/mass ratio, while increased the stem/mass ratio of P. koraiensis seedlings significantly, compared with treatment CK. Treatment （ ＋ W） had no significant effect on these indices of the two species. At early growth stage, interspecifie competition and precipitation pattern had significant effects on the morphology and growth of the seedlings, and the responses were much stronger for P. koraiensis than for Q. mongolica.