土地利用格局景观指数算法与应用

An Algorithm for Land-Use Pattern Index and Its Application

土地利用斑块的形态和空间格局是人类与自然长期相互作用的结果,图形特征的时空演化可以看作是土地利用变化的一种外在表现。该文以吉林省长岭县为研究区,综合运用遥感影像和其他相关资料得到研究区1991年、1995年和2000年的土地利用数据;借助GIS的空间分析功能,获得多时期的土地利用变化信息,并基于景观生态学原理,提取土地利用斑块形态和格局信息,分析近圆指数、方形指数、分维数、分离度等指标及其地学机制。研究表明,受人类干扰强的斑块,近圆指数和方形指数较大,分维数较小,分离度较大;而受人类干扰弱的斑块,近圆指数和方形指数较小,分维数较大,分离度较小。通过图形信息角度进一步发掘土地利用格局及其动态变化的驱动机制,对完善土地利用/土地覆被时空演化过程描述与分析是一种新的尝试。

The shape character and spatial pattern of land use patch were a long-term result of interaction between human beings and the nature. The spatial-temporal evolution of graphic feature was considered as external representation of land use change. Changling County,Jilin Province was taken as the study area in this paper. Using remote sensing data and other correlative materials,the land use maps for 1991,1995 and 2000 were obtained. The multi-period changes of land-use information were obtained based on the spatial analysis function in GIS. Based on the principle of landscape ecology, at the same time, the shape character and structure information of land use patch Were extracted. Some landscape indices were calculated and analyzed such as nearly round index, square index, fractal dimension and the degree of separation. The results indicated that nearly round in- dex, square index and the degree of separation were higher,while the fractal dimension was lower when the land use patch was strongly interfaced by humans. On the contrary, the changes of these indexes had an opposite trend owing to feeble intervention of humans. Further exploration of the driven mechanism of land use pattern and its dynamic change through the graph information is a new attempt to supplement the description and analysis of land use/cover temporal-spatial evolvement process.