骨缺损修复材料煅烧牛骨粉的理化特性

Physicochemical characteristics of calcinated bone ceramics used for bone defects repair

目的：获得具有良好生物相容性和骨引导作用的骨修复材料——煅烧骨粉并探讨其理化特性，为骨缺损修复寻找理想支架。方法：以牛骨为材料，通过煅烧彻底去除其有机成分（相应的抗原性和可能存在的病原微生物），保留其与人体骨基本一致的无机成分和天然的三维交通结构，经前期处理后煅烧至850℃的牛骨制成颗粒状，通过X-射线衍射、电子探针、电感耦合等离子体原子光谱法、电镜及光电子能谱检测煅烧骨理化特征及化学成分。结果：X-射线（粉末）衍射显示煅烧后牛骨粉的成分为羟基磷灰石（HAP），通过电感耦合等离子体原子光谱法检测煅烧骨未检出氮元素，表明无蛋白、无有机成分；扫描电镜观察显示清晰的天然骨的骨小梁、小梁间隙及骨内管腔系统；孔隙大小为200～850μm，平均孔隙率为（84．9±0．6）％。结论：高温煅烧后的牛骨粉主要成分是羟基磷灰石，与骨组织有亲合力，具有三维交通孔隙结构，基本符合骨缺损修复理想支架的要求。

Objective To obtain the calcinated bone ceramics used for bone defects repair with a good biological compatibility and bone guidance function, and study its physieochemical characteristics in order to find ideal stent for bone defects repair. Methods The ox bone was calcinated to remove the organic principle, the antigenicity and the pathogenic microorganisms. The inorganic principle which was same to the human bone was retained to maintain the crude 3D communication structure. After pretreatment the ox bone was calcinated to 850℃ and became the granular. The physicochemical characteristics and chemical composition were determined by X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe, inductively coupled plasma atomic spectrometry, electron microscopy and photoelectron spectrometry. Results Hydroxyapatite （HAP） was the main composition of the calcinated bone ceramics determined by X-ray diffraction. No nitrogen was detected by inductively coupled plasma atomic spectrometry. This result showed that there was not protein and organic principles in the calcinated bone ceramics. The crude bone trabecular, trabecular bone cavity and space system were observed clearly by scanning electron microscope. The pore size was 200-850 μm. The average porosity was 84.9% ± 0.6%. Conclusion There are 3D communication pore structure in calcinated bone ceramics. The main composition of calcinated bone ceramics is hydroxyapatite. It has good tissue compatibility. So calcinate bone ceramics is an ideal material for bone repair.