陕北长城沿线风沙区留茬固土保护性耕作技术模式研究

Conservative tillage for soil conservation with stubble in sandstorm area along the Great Wall in North Shaanxi Province of China

【目的】探索适宜于陕北长城沿线风沙区固土保水的机械化保护性耕作模式。【方法】针对陕北长城沿线风沙区的气候、生态条件和种植习惯,在分析其制约因素及借鉴国内外先进保护性耕作经验的基础上,提出了以玉米留根茬固土、隔年错行免耕施肥播种的保护性耕作技术模式,并以传统耕作模式为参照,在长城沿线风沙区的横山县进行了对比试验。【结果】与传统耕作模式相比,保护性耕作模式的单位面积玉米产量增加了480 kg/hm2,增产率为6.27%,增收1 590.5元/hm2,地表风蚀量减少37%,土壤含水率总体增加,灌溉用水量减少,土壤有机质含量增加。【结论】保护性耕作模式较传统耕作模式具有显著的防风固土、蓄水保墒、培肥地力、节本增收的效果,适宜在长城沿线风沙区推广应用。

[Objective] The study explored one mechanical conservation tillage technical mode of soil and water conservation in the desert area along the Great Wall in North Shaanxi Province. [Method] Based on the agriculture-ecological condition and the cultivation habits in the sandstorm area along the Great Wall in North Shaanxi Province,and the experiences of conservation tillage at home and abroad,one soil conservation technical mode characterized by the stubble-reservation to hold the soil and row-interval no tillage fertilized sowing was promoted in this paper. Tests which compared with traditional tillage were conducted in the sandstorm area of Hengshan County. [Result] Compared with traditional tillage, the new mode could increase crop yield about 480 kg/hm^2 with the growth rate 6.27%, increase income about 1 590.5 RMB/hm^2, reduce sand discharges about 37%,increase soil moisture contents and decrease irrigation water used increase the content of soil organic matfer. [Conclusion] The new technical mode can prevent wind and hold the soil, improve water storing and moisture preserving ability of soil, soil structure and fertility, and increase income. It is suitable to extend and apply in the desert area along the Great Wall in China.