4种外生菌根真菌培养条件的研究

Cultivating conditions on the growth of 4 ectomycorrhizal fungi in vitro

【目的】明确黄地勺菌（Spathularia flavida）、美丽褶孔牛肝菌（Phylloporus bellus）、灰鹅膏菌（Amanita vaginata）和褐黄牛肝菌（Boletus luridus）的最佳培养条件，为其菌丝体扩繁和菌剂生产奠定基础。【方法】采用固体培养，用十字交叉法测量菌落直径，研究不同温度（5，10，15，20，25，30，35，40℃）、pH（3．0，4．0，5．0，6．0，7．0，8．0，9．0）、碳源（葡萄糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、可溶性淀粉、甘露醇）及氮源（磷酸氢二铵、硝酸铵、硝酸钾、蛋白胨、麦芽浸膏）对4种外生菌根真菌生长的影响。【结果】4种外生菌根真菌生长的最佳条件不一：黄地勺菌、美丽褶孔牛肝菌和灰鹅膏菌最适生长温度为25℃，属中温菌，褐黄牛肝菌为30℃，属耐高温菌；4种外生菌根真菌在pH3．0～9．0都能生长，黄地勺菌和美丽褶孔牛肝菌最适生长pH为8．0，灰鹅膏菌为6．0，褐黄牛肝菌为7．0；黄地勺菌、美丽褶孑L牛肝菌、灰鹅膏菌和褐黄牛肝菌生长速度最快的碳源分别为甘露醇、葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉和麦芽糖；黄地勺菌、美丽褶孔牛肝菌和褐黄牛肝菌生长最适氮源均为麦芽浸膏，灰鹅膏菌为蛋白胨。【结论】初步确定了4种外生菌根真菌的最佳培养条件。

[Objective] The objective of this research was to examine the optimum culture conditions for Spathularia flavida , Ph ylloporus bellus ,Amanita vaginata and Boletus luridus. [Method] Ectomycorrbizal fungi were cultured on solid medium, and colony diameter was measured by cross method at different temperatures （5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40 ℃ ）, carbon sources （ glucose, maltose, lactose, soluble starch, manni-tol）, nitrogen sources（ （NH4）2 HPO4, NH4 NO3, KNO3, peptone, malt resinoid）, and the dry weight were measured at different pH（3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0,9.0）. [Result] The optimum conditions for 4 ectomycorrhizal fungi to grow were different. The optimum growth temperature of S. flavida, P. bellus and A. vaginata was 25 ℃ ,belonging to moderate temperature fungi;and that of B. luridus was 30℃ ,belonging to high temperature fungi. These 4 eetomycorrhizal fungi were able to grow in pH ranging from 3.0 to 9.0, while the optimum pH value of S. flavida and P. bellus was 8. 0,A. vaginata 6. 0,B. luridus 7.0.4 kinds of ectomycorrhizal fungi applied a wide range of carbon sources, S. flavida, P. bellus,A, vaginata and B. luridus grew fast as mannitol,glucose, soluble starch,maltose as carbon source respectively. The optimum nitrogen source of S. flavida, P. bellus and B. luridus was malt resinoid, and A. vaginata was peptone. [Conclusion]The cultivating conditions for these 4 ectomycorrhizal fungi were confirmed preliminarily,which would provide foundation for culture enlargement and fungi-agent production.