多元医疗模式与人类健康——当代蒙古族医疗选择多样性的医学人类学考察

Medical Pluralism and Human Health——The Medical Anthropology Investigation about the Diversity of Medical Choices for Contemporary Mongolians

医学人类学的研究领域之一是探讨在同一社会中多种医疗体系和医疗资源如何共生、共存。蒙古族传统医学历史悠久,具有鲜明的民族特色,千百年来,为蒙古民族的繁衍昌盛和社会进步做出了重要贡献,时至今日,依然是蒙古族就医时的主要选择之一。目前可供生活在内蒙古的蒙古族选择的医疗资源除蒙医药外,还有西医及民间医疗。选择依据首先是蒙古族牧民对蒙医蒙药有很强的认同感;其次是根据病情、病症的不同而选择不同的医疗手段;第三,经济负担的考虑;第四,医患关系、语言交流的便利等。多元医疗模式的存在,为维护人们的身心健康提供了多种选择的可能性。

One area of the medical anthropology is to approach intergrowth and coexist whth various kinds of medical systems and sources in a whole society. The traditional Mongolian medicine has a long history with vivid ethnic character. Even to this day, it is still the Mongolian＇s main choice. At present, there are three kinds of medical resources for the Mongolians in Inner Mongolia to choose： the traditional medicine, mainly of Mongolian medicine; western medicine and folk medicine. People make decisions by four factors. First, for the Mongolian herdsmen, the M kinds of disease; ongolian medicine got more recognition; second, different medical care may be chosen for different third, the economic strength; forth, the relationship between medical agencies and patients. The existence of multi-medical cares provides more options in guaranteeing people＇s health.