湘西苗语被动句研究

The Study of the Passive Sentence of Xiangxi Miao Language

湘西苗语被动句的句法结构形式,可根据to22"着"后带不带施事分为两类。表被动意义的to22"着",来自实义动词,其本义是"(打)中"。后来逐渐虚化,成为表示被动关系的介词。to22是借自上古汉语的动词"着(著)",其被动用法应该是在汉语被动句影响下平行产生的。苗、汉两种不同的语言使用相同的语法手段来表示相同的语法意义,与其类型学上的共性有关。

The syntactic structure of the passive sentence in Xiangxi Miao dialect can be divided into two types in terms of to zhuo＂ with the agent or not. ＂zhuo＂ with the passive sense , deriving from notional verb, means beating. In the process of grammartiealization, it became a preposition representing the passive, to^22 ＂zhuo＂ is borrowed from the verb ＂zhuo＂ in ancient Chinese, but its passive usage is supposed to come into being under the influence of the passive in Chinese. The same grammartical device is used in the Miao and Chinese to express identical grammartical sense, which is linked to its typological universals.