促成年脊髓再生研究的新方向:提高成年神经元内在生长能力

New Strategy to Promote Adult Spinal Cord Regeneration:Enhance Adult Neurons' Intrinsic Growth Capability

成年动物脊髓损伤后神经元不能再生,其主要原因是由于抑制性损伤微环境的存在和损伤神经元内在的再生能力低下。阻断和/或中和髓鞘及瘢痕组织中的抑制成分以及它们共同的信号通路是目前促进脊髓损伤后再生的主要策略之一,但仅阻断微环境中的抑制信号而不改变神经元内在生长状态,不足以诱导广泛的再生。因此,目前对如何提高成年神经元内在的再生能力,如提高成年神经元内cAMP/PKA水平、阻断神经元内Rho/ROCK信号通路、调节转录因子等,使其不再对抑制环境中抑制分子起反应,已成为研究成年脊髓再生的热点之一,本文综述了该研究领域的研究成果及研究进展。

Injured adult spinal cord neurons are usually unable to regenerate their axons due to the inhibitory environment and low intrinsic regenerative capability. One of the main strategies to promote spinal cord regeneration is bloking and/or neutralizing the inhibitory factors or their common inhibitory signal pathway. However, overcoming inhibition alone is insufficient to cause extensive regeneration when neurons＇intrinsic growth state has not been activated. Therefore, it becomes one of the most interested targets for promoting spinal cord regeneration that how to enhance adult neurons＇intrinsic growth capability, such as elevating adult neuron cAMP/PKA level, blocking Rho/ROCK pathway, modulating transcriptal factors etc. , such that they no longer response to inhibitory environment. In this paper we will review the current research findings and recent progresses in this field.