创新文化、科学精神与城市技术人才吸聚力

Innovation culture,scientific spirit and cities' attractive force on technician

城市独特的创新文化是其吸聚技术人才的最关键因素之一。本文在对沪、穗两市主要经济指标进行比较的基础上,发现经济因素对城市的技术人才吸聚能力并不具有充分的解释力,而城市创新文化对技术人才的流动和聚集发挥了引致作用,形成了一种人才集聚的自组织机制。通过深入考察沪、穗两市创新文化的现实特色及其历史渊源,本文发现,海派文化能够采取更加宽容的态度对待异质文化和新事物,因而成功实现了向现代理性主义的转变。而由来已久的弱包容性文化特质使得岭南文化既没有强烈的儒家人文文化作背景,又未能在开放契机中充分吸纳近代西方科技文化中的价值理性。相比之下,海派创新文化更重视基础科学和科学方法、科学精神方面,具有自由探索的纯科学倾向;而岭南创新文化则更重视实用技术和科学的社会功能,具有功利化的倾向。正是城市文化品格的不同导致沪、穗人才创新模式与流动向度的差异。

A city＇s unique innovation culture is the most important factor when it try to attract technicians. This paper compared the main economic indicators between Guangzhou and Shanghai. Then we find out that economic factors couldn＇t explained the difference between these cities for their attractive force on technician, but cities＇ innovation culture has played an important role in attracting technicians, and formed a self-organized institution for attracting technicians in the end. After researching on the realistic characteristic and historical origin of the two cities＇ innovation culture, we find out that Shanghai style culture has take more tolerant attitude towards heterogeneous cultures and new things, so it successfully realized its transformation towards modern rationalism. But at the same time, the poor tolerance characteristic made Cantonese culture lost the great background of Confucian culture, and also unsuccessfully in taking in the value rationality of modem scientific culture of western societies. As a conclusion, we find out that Shanghai style culture paid more attention on basic science, scientific methods and scientific spirit, so it formed a kind of pure scientific researching tenden- cy ; but Cantonese culture paid more attention on practical technique and the social function of science, so it formed a kind of utilitarian researching tendency. The difference of cities＇ innovation culture caused the difference on technicians＇ innovation mode and flowing orientation.