阅读障碍儿童的同时性和继时性认知加工特征

Characteristics of Simultaneous Process and Sequential Process in Children with Reading Disorder

目的:探明阅读障碍(Reading disorder,RD)儿童的同时性加工和继时性加工认知特征。方法:采用考夫曼儿童成套评估测验(Kaulinan Assessment Battery for Children,K-ABC)对未接受过药物治疗22名阅读障碍儿童和按照性别、年级及智力水平与之匹配的27名正常儿童进行了测试和分析。结果:RD组的同时性加工、认知加工和习得度量表得分低于对照组[(105.6±10.2)vs.(115.0±10.9),(112.9±14.9)vs.(123.3±11.6),(112.6±13.2)vs.(127.7±7.2),均P<0.05];分测试中,RD组的手部动作、完形测试、视觉类比推理、位置记忆、谜语和阅读/理解得分低于对照组[(11.3±2.3)vs.(13.4±2.9),(9.3±2.3)vs.(11.0±3.0),(10.8±1.7)vs.(14.0±1.8),(11.4±2.0)vs.(13.0±2.6),(97.6±12.3)vs.(111.7±9.1),(102.9±15.9)vs.(118.0±5.7),P<0.05]。同时性加工、继时性加工与习得度之间呈正相关(r=0.53、0.47,P<0.05)。结论:RD儿童存在同时性和继时性加工两方面的认知功能缺陷,尤以同时性加工为甚,已获得的知识技能亦低于正常儿童。

Objective： To explore the characteristics of simultaneous process and sequential process in children with reading disorder （ RD ） . Methods： Twenty two children with RD and 27 normal children were assessed with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children （ K-ABC ）, and the data were analyzed. Results： RD group had significant- ly lower scores in sequential process, cognitive process and achievement [ （105.6 ± 10. 2） vs. （115. 0 ± 10. 9）, （112.9±14.9） vs. （123.3 ±11.6）, （112.6±13.2） vs. （127.7±7.2）; P〈0.05] .Inthesub-test, RDgroup had significantly lower scores in hand actions, configuration test, visual analogy and reasoning, location memory, riddles and reading comprehension [ （11.3±2.3） vs. （13.4±2.9）, （9.3±2.3） vs. （11.0±3.0）, （10.8±1.7） vs. （14.0±1.8）, （11.4±2.0） vs. （13.0±2.6）, （97.6±12.3） vs. （111.7±9.1）, （102.9±15.9） vs. （ 118.0 ±5.7 ） ; P 〈0. 05 ] . There was no significant difference in scores of simultaneous process between the two groups （ P 〉 0. 05 ） . And besides, simultaneous process and sequential process were correlated with achievement respectively （ r = 0. 53, 0. 47 ; P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusion： Children with RD have cognitive functional defects in sequential process and simultaneous process, especially in simultaneous process, and they have lower achievement of knowledge and skills than normal children.