月经周期对女运动员耐力运动时物质代谢及激素变化的影响

Effects of the menstrual cycle on substance metabolism and female athletes hormone changes of during an endurance exercise

综述了月经周期中雌、孕激素水平波动对耐力运动时物质代谢及相关激素的影响作用。前人的研究表明,中低强度运动时雌激素可增加脂类氧化,减少糖的利用,起着碳水化合物节省化效应。孕激素在雌激素作用的基础上提高脂类氧化,增加有氧运动能力。在雌、孕激素较高的黄体期进行有氧运动,机体氧化脂类能力高于卵泡期,利用碳水化合物能力低于卵泡期。月经周期对胰岛素、儿茶酚胺类激素、生长激素及糖皮质激素的基础值及运动诱导的反应值没有明显影响作用。因此,运动训练过程中应考虑月经周期时相对物质代谢的影响作用以期充分地发挥女性运动员的生理潜能。

The authors gave an overview of the effects of the fluctuation of estrogen and progesterone levels in the menstrual cycle on substance metabolism and related hormones during an endurance exercise. Previous researches indicated that during a medium or low intensity exercise estrogen can increase lipid oxidation and reduce glucose utilization, achieving the effect of carbohydrate saving. On the basis of estrogen functions, progesterone promotes lipid oxidation and enhances the aerobic exercise capacity. During an aerobic exercise done in the corpus luteum pe- riod with a relatively high level of estrogen and progesterone, the lipid oxidation capacity of the body is higher than the same in the ovarian follicle period, while the carbohydrate utilization capacity of the body is lower than the same in the ovarian follicle period. The menstrual cycle has no significant effect on the basic values and sport induced re- action values of insulin, catecholamine hormone, growth hormone and glucocorticoid. Therefore, during sports training the effects of the menstrual cycle on substance metabolism should be considered in order to fully exert physiological potentials of female athletes.