燃料电池混合动力客车等效氢耗优化策略

Optimized Strategy on Equivalent Hydrogen Consumption for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Bus

为了改进燃料电池混合动力客车的燃油经济性,基于等效氢耗理论,对燃料电池混合动力系统能量管理算法进行了优化。首先建立了系统瞬时氢耗模型,在该模型中,系统瞬时氢耗分为燃料电池瞬时氢耗和蓄电池等效瞬时氢耗2个部分;而后采用最小二乘算法辨识了蓄电池模型待定系数,求解了系统瞬时氢耗最小化问题,探讨了瞬时优化问题的本质;最后以解析解为基础建立了能量管理优化算法,并在中国城市公交典型工况中进行实车试验。结果表明:该工况下所研究的燃料电池城市客车百公里氢耗为9.3 kg,比采用基于规则的能量管理算法降低2.1%;通过提高燃料电池系统效率、降低整车辅助功率和采用制动能量回收策略可进一步提高系统经济性。

In order to improve fuel economy of fuel cell hybrid electric bus, an optimized energy management algorithm was exploited based on equivalent hydrogen consumption theory. At first, a system instantaneous hydrogen consumption model was developed. Hydrogen consumption of the hybrid system includes two parts, fuel cell hydrogen consumption and battery equivalent instantaneous hydrogen consumption. Then, using least square method, parameters of battery model were identified. The system instantaneous hydrogen consumption was minimized in the optimized strategy. The essence of instantaneous optimized problem was discussed. Result in China city bus typical cycle test shows that fuel economy is 9.3 kg per 100 km, which is reduced by 2.1% compared to a rule-based strategy. Fuel economy can be further improved by improving fuel cell system efficiency, lowering vehicle auxiliary power and recovering brake energy.