贯通学习理论和教学实践之间的联系——赖格卢特论教学设计的学科性质与特征

Linking Between Learning Theory and Instructional Practice——On the Nature and Characteristics of Instructional Design of Charles M.Reigeluth

教学设计、教学科学和教学理论在一定意义上可以作为同义词来使用。教学设计是一门关注理解和改进教学过程的学科,其基本主张是帮助学习者学习,即确定帮助学习者建构知识的途径。设计活动的目的在于揭示达成预期目的之最优途径。因此,教学设计这一门学科主要关注规定最优教学方法的处方,从而促使学习者的知识和技能发生预期的变化。如何使学习更加有效,这是教学设计的职责,它要说明不同的教学方法以及何时使用和何时不使用这些方法。教学设计的变革涉及"面向学习者的教学设计理论",这是一个充满生机活力不断扩展的领域,我们迫切地需要澄清教学设计的不同术语和概念,需要更多的理论研究者协力攻关和实践探索者尝试应用。

Instructional design, instructional theory and instructional science, in a sense, can be used as a synonym. Instructional design is a discipline that is concerned with understanding and improving the process of instruction, its basic concern is how to help learners learn, which means identifying ways to help learners construct knowledge. The purpose of design activity is to devise optimal means to achieve desired ends. Therefore, the discipline of instructional design is concerned primarily with prescribing optimal methods of instruction to bring about desired changes in student knowledge and skills. How to help people learn more effectively, which is duties for instructional design, it should note the different instructional methods, as well as when and when not to use these methods. Instructional design changes is related to explore the ＂learning-focused instructional-design theory ＂. This is a vibrant and dynamic growth continued to expand areas. We urgently need to clarify instructional design of different terms and concepts, more theoretical researchers need to work together and explorers to practice application, so we could meet society＇s challenges in training new talent.