自贡盐业契约“出山约”与“出丢上中下节约”研究

"Land Lease Contract" and "Share Transfer Contract" in the Salt Industry of Zigong

在清代民国时期,四川自贡井盐生产过程中出现了"出山约"、"上、中、下节约"等特殊契约形式,导致这种契约形式出现的原因是多方面的,其中自然环境、盐井开采技术以及市场竞争是导致这些契约关系出现的重要原因。这些契约形式的出现对当时自贡地区盐业生产产生了极大的影响,有效地解决了投资者与地主之间的矛盾,保证了井盐开采所需资金来源,分散了投资风险,优化了盐井生产组织形式,提升了投资的积极性,从而使自贡地区的井盐生产能形成独特的生产模式,长盛不衰。

In the period of the Republic of China in the Qing Dynasty, there appeared special forms of contracts in well salt production in Zigong, Siehuan, such as ＂Land Lease Contract＂ and ＂Share Transfer Contract＂. Many factors led to these forms of contracts; thereinto the natural environment, exploration techniques and market competition were the important reasons. These forms of contracts influenced greatly the salt production in Zigong at that time, effectively solved the contradictions between investors and land owners, ensured the capital source for the exploration of well salt, dispersed investment risks, optimized organizational forms of well salt production, and activated investment so that the unique well salt production could be formed and has lasted for a long time in Zigong.