氮、磷肥对制种苜蓿种子增产效应的研究

Effect of Applying Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Alfalfa Seed Yield

合理的施肥,有利于提高苜蓿种子的产量。试验就在新疆特殊的自然环境条件下对苜蓿种子生产的施肥问题进行了进一步的研究,目的探明在荒漠绿洲过渡带农作区苜蓿种子生产对肥料的需求规律。试验方法为:采取首先测定出所有小区土壤耕层中氮(N)、磷(P)的含量,然后根据土壤N、P肥含量的亏盈进行补充。研究结果表明,施用单纯的速效磷(P2O5),对制种苜蓿增产效果不大,过量使用会降低种子产量;少量施尿素对制种苜蓿有一定的增产作用,若施肥量超过120 kg/hm2时苜蓿枝条细长,生殖生长变弱而造成种子减产;磷酸二铵对制种苜蓿有明显的增产作用,是制种苜蓿最为适合的复合肥料,最佳施肥量为300 kg/hm2。

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of fertilizer on alfalfa seed yield, especially, on phosphate, under the unique natural environment of Xinjiang. Experimental method is to determine the contents of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） in the topsoil of research district first and then, to add them according to their contents in soil. The object of this experiment was to explore the fertilizing quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus for alfalfa seed yield. Primary result indicated that P2O5 application had not improved alfalfa seed yield but decreased, only utilization of P2O5 had not any effect on alfalfa seed yield;A little amount of urea had significant effects on alfalfa seed yield. When the amount of fertilization exceeds 120 kg/hm2, alfalfa branch would be thin and long, and would weaken the reproduction growth ability, which caused its seed yield to be decreased; When the fertilization amount is 300 /hm2 which is considered the best quantity. Urea had certain effects on increasing of alfalfa seed yield.