塔里木河下游生态退化成因分析

Analysis on Cause for Ecological Degradation of the Lower Reaches of Tarim River

塔里木河下游是生态环境脆弱区,属红色生态区。近几十年来,由于人类对水资源不合理的开发利用,造成了塔里木河下游大西海子水库以下河道断流近30年,地下水位大幅度降低,水质不断恶化,植被大量枯死,尤其是胡杨大量死亡,"绿色走廊"濒临衰亡,土地沙漠化不断加剧,塔里木河下游的生态环境出现了严重的退化。研究总结了输水前下游生态退化的状况,分析得出了造成其生态退化的主要成因是自然和人为活动,并提出了生态保护与建设的对策。

The Lower reaches of Tarim River is the ecological frangible zone, belongs to the red ecology area. In recent decades, as a result of the unreasonable development and use of the water resources by people, the stream flow of the lower reaches of Tarim River has been cut off about 30 years, thus, the groundwater level decreased continuously, the water quality worsened unceasingly, the natural vegetation degenerated massively, particularly a large number of Populus euphratica dead, ＂The Green Corridor＂ bordered on declining, desertification of land intensifies unceasingly, and the ecology and environment in the lower reaches of Tarim River were seriously degenerated. In this paper, the status of ecological degradation was summarized. It was found that the combination of natural factors and human activities caused the ecological degradation of the Lower reaches of Tarim River. Some strategies for ecological protection and construction were proposed.