试论学习词典中例证的选配原则

Criteria for Example Selection in Making Learner’s Dictionaries

20世纪初,学习词典作为一种新的通用语文词典出现,其例证在用法说明、释义凸显,以及标示语法、语用信息等方面的作用日显突出,并逐步发展成为学习词典的一个重要区别特征。本文在分析现有学习词典例证的基础上,初步探讨了例证的选配原则,认为学习词典的编纂者在选配例证时应特别注意把握例证的真实性、典型性、实用性、自足性等特点。

At the beginning of the 20^th century, learner＇s dictionary came to take its shape, having characterized in making use of examples to illustrate usage, clarify definition, and illustrate grammatical and pragmatic information. The special functions of examples in learner＇s dictionary have distinguished learner＇s dictiongary from other types of dictionaries. By analyzing the examples in current learner dictionaries, this article tentatively explores the criteria for example selection and proposes that the compilers should pay special attention to the authenticity, typicality, practicality and autonomy of examples in making learner＇s dictionaries so as to serve the users better.