城市复合生态系统理论模型与中国城市发展

Integrated Urban Eco-system and China's Urban Development

通过对理想城市模式及其变迁以及生态城市发展路径的分析,发现人们对理想城市的追求已经超越愿景与技术主导的城市和政策与指标主导的城市而进入生态城市阶段,但主流城市规划的手段却仍然只有应对蓝图理想的空间控制和应对指标理想的数字控制,因此提出规划建设生态城市必须结合生态学原理。本文还对复合生态系统理论进行了回顾,并通过对生态学派和城市学派认识差别的分析,指出当前的复合生态系统理论无法与生态城市建设充分结合的原因。在此基础上提出具有特征性和应用性的城市复合生态系统的结构模型,并对该模型的结构和特征,各子系统的内涵、特点以及与其他子系统的关系进行简要的介绍,最后应用该结构模型对我国一些城市的发展现象和问题进行简要分析并提出对策要点。

Through analysis of the ideal city model and the ecocity development path, the paper identifies that eco-city is now the pursued ideal-city model beyond the previous vision-and- technology-oriented city and the policy-and-indicator-oriented city, but the mainstream planning tools are still subject to spatial control over blueprints and numeric control over indicators. The paper therefore suggests that eco-city planning must incorporate the ecological principles. By reviewing the theory of the integrated eco-system and analyzing the differentiated viewpoints of the school of ecology and the school of urban studies, the paper reveals why the integrated eco-system and eco-city development are now so disconnected. It then develops an integrated urban eco-system model based on these analyses along with a brief introduction on its structure and characteristics and the connotations and relations of its sub-systems. Some phenomena and problems in urban development are briefly analyzed accordingly followed by some suggestions on policy response.