同域分布黑叶猴和熊猴的活动时间分配比较

Comparison of activity budgets of sympatric Franois’ langurs and Assamese macaques

2005年9月至2006年8月,在广西弄岗国家级自然保护区选择一群黑叶猴和两群熊猴作为观察对象,采用瞬时扫描取样法收集相关的行为数据。通过比较两种灵长类活动时间分配的数据来探讨食物资源在时间和空间分布上的差异对两种灵长类动物活动时间分配的影响。结果表明:休息在黑叶猴的活动时间分配中所占比例明显高于熊猴;熊猴用于移动的时间比例明显高于黑叶猴。两种灵长类采取不同的策略以应对喜食食物的季节性短缺。当旱季嫩叶和果实的可获得性降低时,黑叶猴明显增加用于移动和觅食的时间比例,相应减少用于休息的时间。与此相反,熊猴明显减少用于移动的时间比例,相应地增加用于社会性理毛的时间比例。分析表明,食物的可获得性以及食物组成的差异可能是影响同域黑叶猴和熊猴活动时间分配差异的重要因素。

We collected behavioral data from one group of Francois＇ langurs （Trachypithecusfrancoisi） and two groups of sympatric Assamese macaques （Macaca assamensis ） during September 2005 - August 2006 at Nonggang Nature Reserve, Guangxi Province, China, using instantaneous scan sampling method. Our objective was to explore the influence of tempo- ral and spatial distribution of food resources on activity budgets of these sympatric primate. Activity budgets were signifi- cantly different. Francois＇ langurs spent a higher proportion of time resting than Assamese macaques. Assamese macaques spent more time moving than Francois＇ langurs. These sympatric primates adopt different strategies in response to seasonal scarcities of preferred foods. When availability of young leaves and fruits decreased during the dry season, Francois＇ langurs increased time feeding and moving, and reduced time resting. Conversely, Assamese macaques reduced time moving and spent more time resting. We suggest that the differences in activity budgets of sympatric Francois＇ langurs and Assamese macaques were related to the variations in the availability of food resources or their diet composition.