神农架川金丝猴投食群的攻击行为及等级序列

Aggressive behaviors and the rank order of a provisioned group of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia

为探讨人工补食条件下川金丝猴的攻击行为在维持社会等级中的作用,2007年1～6月,采用行为取样法和全事件记录法对神农架自然保护区投食群的攻击行为及等级序列进行研究。我们共记录到8种攻击行为,按频次多少依次为:咕叫、抓打、追赶、瞪眼、瞪咕、驱赶、抢食、打架。攻击行为的发起者在性别间和年龄间均存在显著差异,雄性多于雌性,年龄间按次数多少依次为:成年猴、亚成年猴、青年猴、少年猴;承受者在性别间和年龄间差异均不显著。社会单元内与单元间攻击行为差异显著,前者多于后者。一雄多雌单元间的等级高低依次为:长毛单元、白头单元、红头单元。基于单元内攻击行为较多,建议适当扩大投食场,给每只个体分别投食,以减少因争食发生的攻击行为。

We described the function of aggressive behaviors in maintaining the rank order of a provisioned group of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus roxellana）. Using behavior sampling and all-occurrence recording method, aggressive behaviors and the rank order were recorded for a group of 45 individuals in Shennongjia Nature Reserve from January to June 2007. The results indicated that eight types of aggressive behaviors were observed, i. e. gugu, grasping, chasing, staring, staring and gugu, driving, plundering food, and fighting, from high- to low- frequency. The recipients did not exhibit significant differences among sex/age classes, while significant sex/age differences were observed in initiators. Males initiated aggressive behaviors more frequently than females. The frequency of the occurrence of aggressive behaviors among age classes of initiators were ： adult 〉 sub-adult 〉 young 〉 juvenile. More aggressive behaviors occurred within onemale units than among one-male units. According to the dominance index for each unit, the rank order among units was： Chang Mao Unit 〉 Bai Tou Unit 〉 Hong Tou Unit. The higher frequency of aggressive behaviors among intra-unit members suggested the small food provisioning spot might induce more occurrences of aggressive behaviors when intra-unit members grasped food items. We recommended the food provisioning spot be enlarged and food items be given to each individual rather than each unit or the whole group, to reduce the occurrence of aggressive behaviors.