间歇化工过程先进控制技术的应用与发展评述

Overview on the Application and Development of Advanced Control Technology for Batch Chemical Process

间歇过程灵活多变,可满足小批量、多品种、快速、高质量生产的需要。但其具有时变、非线性等特性,难以建模,许多过程特性参数难以测量,具有多种操作约束,存在较多干扰,过程不可逆转和难以采取补救措施等特点,使间歇过程控制存在很大难度,因此有必要研究和应用有效的先进控制策略。间歇过程控制经历了经典控制、现代控制和高级控制三个发展阶段。间歇过程控制表现为在最优轨线已知时,在不违反操作约束条件情况下完成对设定轨线的准确、快速跟踪。目前国内外研究的间歇过程先进控制策略主要有模型预测控制、迭代学习控制、混杂系统建模和控制理论等。实施ISA SP88和SP95标准,实现基于配方的间歇过程操作控制和管控一体化,可提高间歇过程控制和管理水平及其生产效率。

Batch chemical process could satisfy the requirement of quick, small scale and high quality production of manifold chemicals. However batch chemical process is a nonlinear, time-varying process and it is difficult to build an accuracy model for it. There are many process parameters which are hard to be measured. The presence of process operation constraints and process disturbances, its irreversible behavior and limited corrective action also complicated the control of batch chemical process. So it is necessary to develop and apply effective advanced control strategies for batch chemical process. The history of batch chemical process control could be divided into three phases： classical control, modern control and advanced control. The control objective of batch chemical process could be defined as the accurate and quick tracking of set point profile without violation of operation constraints. At present, model predictive control （MPC）, iterative learning control （ILC）, hybrid system modeling and control are the most widely developed and applied advance control strategies in batch chemical process control area. The implementation of ISA SP88 and SP95 standard will help to realize the recipe based operation and computer integrated production control （CIPS） of batch chemical process and that will greatly improve the control, management level and production efficiency of batch chemical process.