东部沿海地区农业结构变动特征及区域差异分析

CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE CHANGES AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN EASTERN COASTAL AREAS OF CHINA

2005年东部沿海地区农、林、牧、渔产值比重是49.5︰3.2︰29.7︰17.6,农业结构逐步得到优化。本文分析了农业结构系数与农民人均纯收入、人均GDP的关系,揭示了经济发达地区农业结构变动特征及其地域差异性,发现差异性主要表现在农业部门的变动趋势和农业结构的变化率;并根据比较优势理论,分析了地区间农业部门的比较优势,这也是未来区域农业结构优化布局的主要依据。

With the rapid urbanization and rural industrialization in the eastern coastal areas of China, agricultural development orientation and structure have adjusted accordingly. The proportion of plantation, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery has been changed from 78.1 ： 3.8 ： 14.5 ： 3.6 in 1978 to 49.5 ： 3.2 ： 29.7 ： 17.6 in 2005, which is an important index for forming the new pattern of overall development on agriculture. Agricultural Structure Coefficient （production value proportion of plantation to sum of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery） may describe evolution rules of agricultural structure. Based on the analysis of above and relevant data, the paper holds that Agricultural Structure Coefficient and per capita GDP （or average net income of country residents） was a negative correlation. When per capita GDP was less than 2500 yuan （or average net income of country residents was less than 850 yuan）, the drop of Agriculture Structure Coefficient happened faster, and after 2003, Agriculture Structure Coefficient is around 0.98, which is stable during the late year. Also, the results of quantitative evaluation show that characteristics of agricultural structure changes obviously present regional differences. On the one hand, provincial change trends of agricultural departmental proportion are different. On the other hand, structural variety extents are different, too. Similarity matrix of agricultural structure reflects that. agricultural structures are high correlative in early days of country innovation, and agricultural structure differentiates. Each region has formed its own pattern on agricultural structure. On the whole, according to the advance disciplinarian of international agricultural structural evolution, these provinces have developed their own agricultural industries with comparative advantages. Under the competitive background of the national strategy implements of ＂the western development＂, ＂the northeast revitalization＂ and ＂central rising＂, eastern coastal area should make the best of advantage in agricultural markets, technology, capital and labor forces, and similar things, so as to realize harmonious development between city and countryside in advance.