旅游环境可持续承载的路径分析

RESEARCH ON THE SUSTAINABLE CARRYING MEASURES OF TOURISM ENVIRONMENT

旅游业的迅猛发展、旅游环境管理的粗放型及短期化倾向,导致旅游环境问题日益突出,同时也使旅游环境承载力研究成为旅游研究的焦点之一。作为描述自然环境、经济环境和社会环境系统能够承受旅游活动强度的量值,旅游环境承载力既是旅游规划、开发与管理的重要工具,又是判断旅游业可持续发展与否的重要指标。在深入分析旅游环境承载力内涵的基础上,从可持续发展的角度提出实现旅游环境可持续承载的基本路径:建立自然环境系统的维护机制、发展经济环境系统的保障机制、建设社会环境系统的和谐机制以及完善旅游环境可持续承载的配套机制,这为控制旅游活动对旅游环境的负面影响和拓展旅游环境承载力提供了明确的思路。

The extensive cultivation of the tourism environmental management, nearsightedness of the tourism development as well as the environmental problems on tourism are becoming more and more serious due to the rapid development. These problems also make the tourism environment carrying capacity become a hotspot in the research of the tourist science. Tourism environment carrying capacity is an important instrument of tourism development, tourism planning and tourism management, as well as a significant indicator to judge whether tourism is sustainably developed or not. The tourism environmental carrying capacity （TECC） is the bearing intensity of tourism destination during a period of time which doesn＇t do harm to local residents at present and in future in its current state and which can be accepted by the residents. It can＇t be understood just as a digital question or mathematical measurement briefly, otherwise, it will often get fail in practices. A highly efficient management or adjusting can give problems of the TECC an effective solution and widen it. Therefore, the study of the TECC can provide a decision basis for tourism resources development and environment protection, and promote the sustainable development of tourism. Basing on a thorough analysis of the features and intensions of the TECC, this paper puts forward some measures for achieving sustainable carrying capacity of tourism environment in the light of such factors as the physical environment system, the economic environment system and the sociological environment system which influence the TECC. These measures include building a safeguarding mechanism of the physical environment system, developing a reliable mechanism of the economic environment system, establishing a harmonious mechanism of the sociological environment system and improving a coordinate mechanism of the tourism environment sustainable carrying capacity, etc. The measures on tourism environment sustainable carrying capacity offer explicit thinking for the controlling the negative effect of tourist activities on tourism environment system and the spread of TECC.