爬山虎属三种植物吸盘的解剖学研究

Anatomical Studies on Adhesive Disc of Three Species of Parthenocissus

运用常规石蜡切片法,对3种爬山虎属(Parthenocissus)植物的吸盘结构进行了观察研究。结果表明:吸盘膨大部位、吸附方式、卷须长短及托叶可以作为种的分类依据;3种植物的吸盘均由表皮、皮层、维管柱组成,未吸附表皮细胞外弦壁增厚,具角质层;吸盘膨大主要是由维管柱扩大而非表皮细胞膨大引起;吸盘未吸附部位的皮层细胞含有较多晶体;吸盘膨大时维管柱转变成维管束,维管形成层活动期较短。3种植物的吸附结构由表皮及皮层细胞反分化分裂形成多层指状细胞构成。

Anatomical structure of adhesive disc of three species of Parthenocissus were observed by using paraffin slice method. The results showed that the characters of adhesive disc, including the parts of adhesive disc enlargement, absorption model, tendril length and stipule, could be used as taxonomy basis for Parthenocissus. Adhesive disc of all the three species was composed of epidermis, cortex, and vascular cylinder, the anticlinal wall of epidermal cells without adhesion in adhesive disc was thickened, and the cells of adhesive disc had stratum corneum. Adhesive disc enlargement mainly was caused by vascular cylinder enlargment, not by epidermis cells. There were many crystals in cells of cortical layer without adhesion. Vascular cylinder of adhesive disc turned into vascular bundles while adhesive disc enlarged, and the active stage of vascular cambium was short. The adhesive disc of the three species of Parthenocissus was composed of several layers of finger cells developed from the epidermis ceils and cortical cells dedifferentiation.