四川绵竹等15乡镇震后患者疾病谱分析

Spectrum of diseases in 15 towns of earthquake attacked areas in Sichuan province

目的调查四川绵竹、绵阳、德阳等15个乡镇地震后49d内人群常见病的分布情况,为灾后卫生防病工作提供科学依据。方法笔者所在医疗队震后72h即进入灾区进行巡诊工作,为期46d,巡诊灾区群众、救灾部队官兵、志愿者共24 075名,对其中10 862例患者进行流行病学调查。结果震后四川绵竹等15个乡镇巡诊患者皮肤病、机械性损伤、呼吸道感染和创伤后应激障碍的发病率依次为49.5%、20.3%、17.9%、25.0%,其中皮肤病主要为虫咬皮炎(39.0%)、皮炎湿疹(30.8%)、浅部真菌病(8.9%)、神经性皮炎(6.4%)、日光性皮炎(5.9%)。结论皮肤病、机械性致伤、呼吸道感染、创伤后应激障碍是此次四川震后最常见的4种疾病。

Objective To investigate the disease spectrum in 15 counties, towns and villages （Mianzhu Co. , Anxian Co. , Leiguzhen T. , Dongbeizhen T. , Xinanzhen T. , Jiannanzhen T. , Yuma v. , Shihe v. , Shifang CO. , Pengchuan Co. , Mianyang C. , Luojiang CO. , Deyang CO. , Guanghan Co. and Jiangyou Co. ） of the earthquake attacked areas of Sichuan province in the first 49 days of the great disaster, and provide a reference for epidemic prevention after a catastrophic event. Methods The medical corps the authors served arrived at the disaster area just at 72 hours after the earthquake to start the work of mobile medical service which lasted for 46 days. During the period a total of 24075 person-times were served by the medical corps including the local residents, rescue officers and soldiers and volunteers. Among them 10862 persons suffered from miscellaneous diseases, and then the epidemiologic survey was carried out based on the data obtained. Results After earthquake the incidences of dermatologic disease, mechanical lesions, respiratory infection and posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） in the 15 towns were 49. 5%, 20. 3%, 17. 9%/00 and 25.0%, respectively. The major dermatoses included insect bite cutitis （39.0%）, eczema （30. 8%）, superficial mycosis （8.9%）, neurodermatitis （6. 4%） and solar dermatitis （5. 9%）. Conclusion Dermatologic disease, mechanical lesion, respiratory infection and PTSD are popular diseases in Sichuan disaster area after earthquake, and the incidences of the 4 diseases were 49. 50%, 20. 3%, 17. 9% and 25. 0%, respectively.