胚胎AGM区造血发育的研究现状

Current Status of Study on Embryonic Hematopoietic Development in Aorta-gonad-mesonephros——Review

主动脉-性腺-中肾(AGM)区是哺乳动物体节期胚胎自主产生造血干细胞(HSC)的主要造血组织。AGM区造血发生模式主要是造血发生内皮,而近年来有证据表明造血血管原始干细胞和血管外间质也参与其造血形成。AGM-HSC的表面标志随发育成熟变化活跃,其中CD41是最早建立的造血标志,而内皮细胞特异分子在不同发育阶段HSC的表达变化提示该细胞的逐步成熟和稳定。经典造血生长因子白介素3对AGM-HSC的扩增效应令人兴奋,而联合斑马鱼模型揭示前列腺素对AGM区以及骨髓HSC的调节活性也预示今后的研究手段将更为丰富。最近,AGM区间充质干细胞(MSC)的发现及其显著的造血支持功能将有助今后发掘新型的HSC调控因子。本文就AGM区的造血发生模式、AGM区HSC的表面标志和AGM区造血干细胞的调控进行了综述。

Aorta-gonad-mesonephros （AGM） is well known as a main structure that de novo generates hematopoietic primary stem cells （HSC） in mid-gestation mammalian embryos. Hemogenic endothelium, and recently, subendothelial mesenchyme as well as hemangioblast are shown as contributing to blood formation in AGM region. AGM-HSC displays dynamic changes in surface markers, including CD41, CD45 and several endothelial-specific molecules. The novel finding of interleukin-3 as a potent regulator of AGM-HSC seems very interesting. Moreover, zebra fish model reveals PGE2 as a novel stimulator of HSC in AGM and kidney marrow, which is also the case in mouse hematopoietic tissues. Identification of mesenchymal stem cells with significant hematopoietic supporting capacity in AGM region suggests an alternative pathway to explore new molecules governing embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. In this paper, the hemogenic model in AGM region, surface markers on HSCs in AGM region and regulation of HSCs in AGM region were reviewed.