龙栖山中华蜜蜂种群分化形态遗传分析

Morphometric genetic analysis: population differentiation of Apis cerana cerana in Longxi Mountain

对龙栖山国家级自然保护区及其周边地区的中华蜜蜂31个形态指标进行测定,发现6个形态指标存在显著差异.与周边地区人工饲养的中华蜜蜂相比,龙栖山野生中华蜜蜂的翅长、蜡镜长、蜡镜间距分别为8.6655、1.1568、0.2083 mm,分别减少0.0728、0.0382、0.0730 mm;翅脉角D7为95.6°,增大1.8°;翅脉角N23和J16分别为83.3°和101.2°,分别减小4.0°和3.2°(P<0.05).对采用判别式分析得到的样点重心的判别函数值进行聚类分析的结果显示,龙栖山中华蜜蜂已从周边地区的中华蜜蜂种群中分化,形成独立的种群.

Workers of Apis cerana cerana sampled from Longxi Mountain National Nature Reserve and its peripheral region were mor- phometrically analyzed with thirty-dne morphometric variables. Six morphometric variables were discovered with significantly differ- ences. Compared with hand-feeding A. c. cerana from its peripheral region, wild A. c. cerana from Longxi Mountain National Nature Reserve had the smaller longitude of forewing （ 8.6655 mm） , longitude of wax plate （ 1.1568 mm） and distance between wax plates （0.2083 mm）, which were decreased by 0.0728, 0.0382 and 0.0730 mm respectively. Wing angle D7 （95.6°） became up to 1.8° larger. Wing angle N23 （83.3°） and wing angle J16 （ 101.2°） were decreased by 4.0° and 3.2° respectively （P 〈0.05）. The cluster analysis with discriminant function values of gravity of each sampling point resulted in two separable populations occupying ecologically different areas. This result revealed the special ecological reproduction isolation mechanism for A. c. cerana, which was the reason of microevolution and provided more theoretic supports to effectively preserve indigenous A. c. cerana as a genetic resource for the future utilization in honeybee breeding programs.