叶尔羌河下游公益林植物群落分类及其物种多样性特征

Classification and Species Diversity of Plantation Communities of the Commonweal Forestry in Lower Reaches of Yarkant River

对叶尔羌河下游39个样地的实际调查资料,运用二元指示种分析(TWINSPAN)对该区植物群落进行了分类,采用物种多样性指数、丰富度和均匀度指数对叶尔羌河下游的天然植被的物种多样性进行了分析。结果表明,本研究区内的植物区系组成贫乏,群落结构简单,多样性指数和丰富度指数均较低,TWINSPAN程序将39个样地划分为14个群落。通过以上分析并结合实际情况,可以得出了以下结论:本地区天然植被生态系统在人类干扰下普遍存在退化现象,应立即采取有效措施对天然植被特别是过渡带的植被进行生态恢复。

Yarkant River is one of the source stream of Tarim River, many environmental problems have been brought about by the irrational exploitation and over-utilization of natural resources, especially water resources, which mainly include the reduction of streamflow of the mainstream, salinization of surface water, stream cutting off at the lower reaches, degeneration of vegetation, enlargement of the area of land desertification, unceasing deterioration of ecological environment, etc. Based on the data obtained from 39 plots of natural plant community in the lower reaches of Yarkant River of China, quantitative classification （TWlNSPAN）was used and the biodiversity of the natural plant community is analyzed by adopting diversity, richness and evenness indices. The results showed that species were poorer and the configuration of community was simple. Species diversity index and richness index of the area were very low and the natural plant communities could be classified into 14 community types. It was concluded that the degeneration of plant community coused by people＇s interference is generally exist in this area. Effective measures should be taken to restore the natural plant especially in those transitional zones.