黄土高原主要造林树种对鼢鼠危害的抗性研究

Zokor Resistance of Main Tree Species on Loess Plateau

采用定植3 a林木的被害率和被害存活率指标,将黄土高原主要造林树种分为高抗、中抗、低抗和易害树种。油松、侧柏、山杏、刺槐和沙棘个体死亡时根系的被害程度依次为13.58%、19.81%、33.50%、39.62%、42.16%,被害林木死亡率为100%时的根系被害程度依次为72.52%、78.03%、81.25%、89.12%、90.14%。林木抗鼠性差异的主要原因是林木的生长特性和鼢鼠对其喜食的程度与取食量。林木根系生长愈快、萌生能力愈强,被害程度愈低,耐鼠性愈强。

Based on field survey and test-woods investigation, adopting indices of injury rate and survival rate of injured trees in a three-year-old plantation, main species of afforestation on the Loess Plateau were divided into 4 groups： high, middle, low resistant and susceptible species to zoker. For tree species, Pinus tabulaeforrnis, Platyoladus orientalis , Armeniaca sibirica , Robinia pseudoacacia and Hi ppophae rhamnoides, the root injury rates were 13.58%, 19.81%, 33.50%, 39.62%and 42.16% respectively in the initial stage of the death of injured trees. The root injury rate were 72.52%, 78.03%, 81.25%, 89.12% and 90. 14% when damaged forest mortality was 100%. The main reasons resulted in the difference of tree species rodent-resistance were that the forest vegetative characteristics, the zokor food specialization and intaking dosage. The higher development of root system and sprouting capability of the tree species, the lower injury rates and higher resistance to zoker.