濒危植物多毛坡垒种子萌发的生理生态特性

Physiological and Ecological Characteristics of Seed Germination of Endangered Hopea mollissima(Dipterocarpaceae)

研究了多毛坡垒(Hopea mollissima)种子在自然条件下的寿命及成熟度、温度、光照、土壤水分条件对多毛坡垒种子萌发的影响,结果表明:多毛坡垒种子适宜萌发的温度范围是20～30℃,最适宜温度为25℃;光照对多毛坡垒种子的萌发没有显著性影响,但在周期性光照条件下以25～30℃萌发结果最好,全黑暗条件下以20～25℃萌发结果最好;种子适宜萌发的土壤含水量为20%～60%,最适含水量为50%～60%;种子成熟后在树上长时间宿存明显降低了种子的发芽率和活力;在室内自然摊放条件下,10天后发芽率减半,16天后完全丧失发芽能力。研究认为,该物种对热带湿性季节性雨林原生境有很强的依赖性,目前多毛坡垒的濒危状态主要是由于滥砍乱伐和森林破坏造成的,由于其种子具有顽拗性种子的一些特点,目前该物种宜采取活体保存的方法,以就地保护为主,活植物迁地保护为辅。

Seed longevity of Hopea mollissima under ambient conditions and the effects of seed maturity, temperature, illumination and soil moisture content on seed germination were studied in this paper, which indicated that the optimum temperature for seed germination was 25 ℃ though 20-30℃ is suitable; Periodic illumination and full darkness made no significant difference to germination, but seeds germinated best at temperature range of 25-30℃ under periodic illumination, or at temperature range of 20-25 ℃ under full darkness; The suitable soil moisture content was 20%-60 % while the optimum one was 50%-60% ; During open storage under anbient conditions, seed germination percentage halved after 10 days and decreased to nil after 16 days. It appears that this species depended on its native habitat strongly. Deforestation and fragmentation are the key causes which endanger Hopea mollissima severely. Owning to recalcitrant properties of its seeds, the protection of this species relies on in-situ conservation supplemented with ex-situ conservation of Living plants.