小儿慢性腹泻流行病学与病因研究

Epidemiology and etiology of chronic diarrhea diseases in children

目的探讨小儿慢性腹泻(CDD)的流行病学与病因、发病情况、病因与临床特点。方法对1996年1月至2006年1月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院住院的179例CDD患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果10年间CDD的发病率为4.8%,1岁以内CDD患儿为50.3%,<3岁者占62.6%。常见合并症有贫血(46.4%)、营养不良(45.3%)、生长发育障碍(24.0%)、低蛋白血症(36.3%)等。明确病因者154例,确诊率87.7%。CDD前3位病因为炎性肠病(IBD)(35.2%)、感染因素(17.3%)及免疫缺陷病(15.6%),未确定病因(含难治性腹泻7例)占12.3%。结论小儿CDD以婴幼儿尤其是婴儿多发;容易出现营养不良等合并症;CDD病因众多,以非感染性因素多见,IBD是小儿CDD的最重要病因。

Objective To explore the epidemiology and etiology of chronic diarrhea diseases （CDD）in children, and understand the incidence, etiology and clinical manifestation. Methods Clinical data of 179 cases of CDD hospitalized between January 1996 and January 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Morbidity of CDD was 4. 8% during these 10 years, among which 50. 3% were less than 1-year- old infants , and 62.2% were less than 3-year-old children. Common complieations included anemia （46. 4% ） , malnutrition （45. 3% ）, growth arid development retardation （24. 0% ）, hypoalbuminemia （36. 3% ）, etc. Totally 154 cases had been found with clear etiology, and final diagnosis rate was 87.7%. The first 3 causes were inflammatory bowel diseases （IBD） （35.2%）, infectious diseases（17.3%） and immunodeficiency diseases （ 15.6% ）. Unknown pathology （including refractory diarrhea 7 cases） occupied 12. 3%. Conclusion Infant and young children, especially the infants often suffer from CDD, and are easily complicated with malnutrition, etc. Etiology of CDD is various, and the most common one is non-infectious diseases. IBD is the most important reason of children CDD.