感染人类呼吸道的病毒及其分类新进展

Recent progress in viruses infecting human respiratory tract and their classification

近年来，随着SARS、禽流感等重大呼吸道传染病的出现，人们对呼吸道病毒感染给予了高度重视，促进了呼吸道病毒学的发展。这主要表现在三个方面，一是对相关病毒如SARS冠状病毒和高致病性禽流感病毒的致病性、基因与抗原变异、疫苗制备等取得了进展；二是发现了一些新的呼吸道病毒如冠状病毒HCoV-NL63和HCoV—HKUI、博卡病毒；三是一些被认为与呼吸道感染关系不大的“老病毒”如某些疱疹类病毒和细小病毒，现在经常出现在呼吸道感染者的样本中。鉴于目前呼吸道病毒的范围比以前有明显扩大，此文就能够感染人类呼吸道的病毒及其分类作一综述。

With the emerging of severe acute respiratory infections such as SARS and avian influenza, a great deal of progress has been made recently in the respiratory virology. It is represented not only by the new insights in the gene regulations both in virus and host, new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, but also by the continuous isolation of new viruses from human respiratory tract such as coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1, and bocavirus. In addition, some viruses known as not related to respiratory tract infections are increasingly detected in human respiratory specimens such as parvoviruses. The respiratory tract viruses consist of a varied and diverse group that can be divided among seven distinct families. We summarized the classification of the viruses that may cause human respiratory infections.