中国超常教育的发展历程及启示——未来呼唤“双超常教育”

Development of Supernormal Education in China and Its Implication

高级创新人才的质量决定中国在未来社会发展中的坐标位置,超常教育成为国家精英教育的载体。人们对超常儿童的认识经历了神童——超常儿童——资优儿童等发展过程,跨越了神童教育——天才教育——资优教育阶段;以陶行知和沈亦珍为代表的先驱者从整合儒家精英教育和西方民主教育理念角度,尝试构建富有中国特色的现代超常教育理论。伴随新中国改革开放三十年的巨大成就——初步形成中国现代超常教育体系。但亦存在超常教育资源匮乏、教育立法等问题。据此,必须树立正确的超常儿童成才观,重视人才富矿,为超常儿童提供适合其身心特征的个别化教育服务;并给予政策支持和法律保障;扩大超常教育范围,促进城乡超常教育一体化,大力推进双超常教育新理念。

The quality of high - level creative talents determines the status of China in future social develop-ment.Supernormal education becomes the carrier of national elites education. People＇s awareness of supernormal children has experienced the following development process：gifted and talented children-supernormal children-gifted children,which is across the stages of gifted and talented children education-gifted children education-talented education. The pioneers such as Tao Xingzhi and Shen Yizhen integrate the Confucian elite education and the Western eoncept of democratic education and try to establish the modern talented educational theory with Chinese characteristics. 30 years＇ great achievements of new China＇s reform and opening up have initially formed China＇s modern talented educational system. However,there are also some issues such as lakc of resources of talented education and educational legislation. Accordingly,we must establish a correct concept of cultivation of talented children, pay attention to talents, provide individual education services that are suitable for talented children＇ s physical and mental characteristics, provide policy support and legal protection,expand the scope of talented education in order to promote the integration of urban and rural talented education and advance the new concept of double supernormal education.