耕作方式对连作大豆生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of tillage patterns on development and yield of continuous cropping soybean

采用秋旋耕起垄、秋深松旋耕起垄、春旋耕起垄和春顶浆打垄4种土壤耕作方式,进行田间大区试验,以探讨土壤耕作方式对连作大豆生长发育及产量的影响。试验结果表明,秋旋耕起垄和秋深松旋耕起垄出苗率高于春旋耕起垄和春顶浆打垄,出苗率均达85%以上,秋整地大豆生育期间干重、根瘤重和叶面积指数均高于春整地,秋旋耕起垄大豆根际微生物总数最多,细菌和放线菌数量明显高于春顶浆打垄。秋季整地地下害虫--蛴螬(Ho-lotrichia diomphalia Bates)危害率比春季整地低10%左右,春顶浆打垄危害率高达34.3%。秋整地大豆的灰斑病发生程度、籽粒紫斑粒率和虫食率均低于春整地,秋整地产量较春整地增产16%以上,从本试验可以看出黑龙江省黑土平原区秋整地对连作大豆效果更好。

In order to explore the effects of different tillage patterns on development and yield of continuous cropping soybean, four tillage treatments of revolving - ridge in autumn, deep - revolving in autumn, revolving - ridge in spring and ridging in spring were adopted by large plot areas in the field in 2007. The results demonstrated that the emergence rates of revolving - ridge in autumn and deep - revolving in autumn were higher than those of revolving - ridge in spring and original ridge in spring, with germination rate over 85%. Soybean dry weight, leaf area index and root nodule fresh weight of soil treatments in autumn were better than those in spring. The amount of soybean rhizosphere microorganisms of revolving - ridge in autumn was the highest, and especially bacterium and actinomyees were significantly greater than in spring. Damage rates of Holotrichia diornphalia Bates of soil treatments in autumn were 10% lower than those in spring which reached 34.3%, and the occurrence degree of frog -eye leaf spot Cercospora sojina Hara, Cercospora kikuchii Gardner rate and eaten seeds rate by Leguminivora glycinivorella Matsumura were lower than that in spring. Yield of soil treatments in autumn increased more than 16% than that in spring. Therefore, impacts of soil treatments in autumn on continuous cropping soybean were more effective in black soil.