繁殖体压力——一种解释生物入侵的机制

Propagule Pressure——A Mechanism of Explaining Biological Invasion

繁殖体压力是基于生物入侵过程而提出的一个关键因素。从繁殖体一次引入的数量、繁殖体引入的频率、繁殖体的质量3个方面对繁殖体压力的概念进行了综述,指出繁殖体压力的本质是揭示生物入侵潜力大小的,即繁殖体压力越大,生物入侵的潜力就越大,成功入侵的可能性就越大。从外来种自身的生物学特性来看,物种的生殖方式和繁殖能力的大小对繁殖体压力会产生重要影响。繁殖体压力4个方面的组合,使得在判断繁殖体压力大小时,情况变得比较复杂。繁殖体压力是从解释外来种如何定居新生境方面来解释生物入侵的,在考虑繁殖体压力与建群效应及繁殖体压力与影响成功定居的各因素之间的关系时,用繁殖体压力解释生物入侵还应结合生境特征和入侵生物自身的入侵特性。

Propagule pressure is one of the key factors in the process of biological invasion.To explain the relationship between propagule pressure and species invasion,the relationship between propagule pressure and species establishment were discussed.The definitions of propagule pressure were reviewed in three ways:propagule number,the frequency of introduction,the quality of the propagules.It was indicated that the essence of propagule pressure is to signify the invasion potential of alien species.The more propagule pressure,the more invasion potential,and the more easily for the alien species to invade successfully.Considering the characteristics of alien species,it was found that popagule pressure can be affected by alien species' procreation method and ability.Considering the four ways of propagule pressure make it more difficult to value propagule pressure.Propagule pressure is based on explaining alien species establishment so that the relationship between propagule pressure and establishing effect should also be analyzed,the relationship between propagule pressure and environmental factors that could affect the alien species established successfully.Furthermore,considering the complexity of biological invasion,propagule pressure should be combined with the habitat and biological characteristics of invasive species to explain invasion mechanism of alien species.